Uterine Fibroids
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids (also called leiomyomas) are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They are the most common pelvic tumours in women.
Who Can Be Affected?
• Up to 70–80% of women may develop fibroids by age 50
• Most common in women aged 30–50 years
• More frequent and symptomatic in Black women
Types of Fibroids
Fibroids are classified by their location:
• Submucous – inside the uterine cavity
• Intramural – within the uterine wall
• Subserous – on the outer surface of the uterus
• Pedunculated – attached by a stalk
Risk Factors
• Age (30–50 years) • Family history • African descent • Obesity
• Early onset of menstruation • Low vitamin D levels • High red meat intake • Not having children (nulliparity)
Symptoms
Many women have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
• Heavy or prolonged periods • Painful menstruation • Pelvic or abdominal swelling
• Bladder or bowel pressure (e.g., frequent urination, constipation) • Fertility concerns • Pregnancy-related issues
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
• Pelvic examination
• Ultrasound – first-line imaging
• MRI – detailed mapping of fibroids
• Saline sonohysterography – for submucosal fibroids
• Hysteroscopy – direct visualisation inside the uterus
Management Options
Treatment depends on symptoms, fibroid size and location, fertility goals, and personal preferences.
Conservative Management
• Suitable for women with no symptoms or nearing menopause
Medical Management
• Non-hormonal: NSAIDs, Tranexamic Acid
• Hormonal: Oral contraceptives, progestins, Mirena IUD, GnRH medications
Minimally Invasive Procedures
• Uterine Artery Embolization – blocks blood supply to fibroids
• MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound – non-invasive thermal treatment
Surgical Options
• Myomectomy – removes fibroids while preserving the uterus
• Via hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, or open surgery
• Hysterectomy – removes the uterus (for women not planning future pregnancies)
Dr Gopalan Poovalingam
MBBS, MOG, FRANZCOG
Specialist Gynaecologist
John Fawkner Private Hospital
267 Moreland Rd, Coburg, 3058
P 03 9379 5106 | E reception@doctorg.com.au | W melbournegynae.com.au
Dr Gopalan Poovalingam’s special interests include:
• Endometriosis • Painful periods • Uterine fibroids
• Ovarian cysts • Urinary incontinence
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