Endometriosis
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a long-term condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. This can cause
inflammation, pain, and scar tissue.
Common areas affected include: • Ovaries • Fallopian tubes • Pelvic lining
Who Can Be Affected?
Endometriosis usually affects women of reproductive age, and symptoms may begin during adolescence. It is often under recognised
and can take time to diagnose.
What are the Symptoms?
Symptoms vary from person to person.
Common symptoms include: • Painful periods • Pain during or after sex • Pelvic pain • Heavy menstrual bleeding • Difficulty getting pregnant
Less common symptoms include: • Bowel issues (constipation, diarrhoea, pain) • Fatigue • Back pain • Sleep problems • Headaches & Urinary symptoms
What Causes It?
The exact cause is unknown. Possible contributing factors include:
• Genetics • Hormonal imbalances • Immune system issues
How is It Examined?
A pelvic examination may show signs such as: • Tenderness • Reduced organ mobility • Nodules or visible lesions
However, a normal exam does not rule out endometriosis.
Investigations
If symptoms suggest endometriosis, your doctor may recommend:
• Transvaginal ultrasound (first-line test) • Pelvic MRI (if ultrasound isn’t suitable)
• Transabdominal ultrasound (alternative option) • Further assessment may be needed if symptoms persist.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment is tailored to each individual and may include:
• Pain relief medications • Hormonal therapies (e.g. contraceptive pills, IUDs)
• Specialist care from a multidisciplinary team (e.g. gynaecologist, pain specialist, psychologist, physiotherapist)
When to See a Specialist
You may be referred to a gynaecologist if:
• Initial treatments aren’t effective • Imaging suggests endometriosis
• Symptoms are severe or ongoing • You have concerns about fertility
Treatment options
Your doctor will discuss the most suitable treatment options based on your needs.
Dr Gopalan Poovalingam
MBBS, MOG, FRANZCOG
Specialist Gynaecologist
John Fawkner Private Hospital
267 Moreland Rd, Coburg, 3058
P 03 9379 5106 | E reception@doctorg.com.au | W melbournegynae.com.au
Dr Gopalan Poovalingam’s special interests include:
• Endometriosis • Painful periods • Uterine fibroids
• Ovarian cysts • Urinary incontinence
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